Suchergebnisse

Introduction. International trade is closely related to environmental sustainable development, while promoting trade growth and environmental sustainable development are also the goals pursued by mankind. China's environmental sustainability is affected by both severe shortages of natural resources and severe environmental pollution. In addition, growing populations and rapid economic growth, as well as weak environmental controls, have increased demand for natural resources and affected their pollution. In the past year, in conditions of the complex international situation and the severe impact of COVID-19 pandemic, China's foreign trade imports and exports have been significantly better than expected, and the scale of foreign trade has once again set a record high. However, how to ensure the growth of international trade while ensuring environmental protection? Sustainable development is one of the problems that the Chinese government needs to solve.Methods. The methodological basis of the study is a set of fundamental provisions of crisis theory, international trade theory, theory of foreign trade of national ecological and economic systems, as well as modern concepts of post pandemic development. The solution of the set tasks was carried out by using a set of general scientific research methods: analysis of scientific literature, method of analogy and comparison, theoretical synthesis, classification, methodological generalization, economic and statistical analysis, expert assessments and scientific abstraction. The authors use the Chinese Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the General Administration of Customs, Baidu academic papers, and relevant documents in the CNKI database as data sources.The purpose of research – to prove the environmental sustainability in the context of China's international trade development.Results. The research proved the environmental sustainability in the context of China's international trade development. The research substantiates environmental sustainability in the context of China's international trade development. Related factors of international trade in the context of environmental sustainability have been identified. The formation of modern international trade in the conditions of changing the ecological environment of China is analyzed. Countermeasures on environmental sustainability in the context of China's growing international trade are proposed. Through the summary of research, it is found out the relevance and causality between trade and the environment, analyze and study the changes in relevant data, and summarize the main imbalances in the process of China's response to international trade and environmental sustainable development, so as to put forward corresponding problems in response to these issues solution.Prospects. The results of the research discover the environmental sustainability in the context of China's international trade. The prospect of further research is to apply the impact of the China's international trade development on its environmental sustainability for the development of domestic foreign trade policy.

Introduction. International migration is a global process that has affected the populations of all countries and continents. Today, there is a new additional barrier for the world economy and for migrants – the COVID-19 pandemic, which has dramatically affected all forms of human mobility. The pandemic is the crisis of today and is the main problem of international migrants in combination with its consequences: threat to human life, global economic decline, declining migration flows, the crisis of medicine; and governments face additional challenges: finding solutions to compensate economic recession. In addition, international migration processes during the COVID-19 crisis are characterized by the following features: weak demand for labor, declining employment; strict travel restrictions; declining income. In addition to migrant-workers, other categories of international migrants, such as refugees and asylum seekers face problems. Wars, cataclysms, natural disasters and other catastrophes happen, but due to the pandemic, the recipient countries have stopped accepting migrants. This situation creates an economic threat to both migrant donor countries and migrant recipient countries and changes the regional structure of migration flows. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is a set of fundamental provisions of crisis theory, international migration theory, the world systems theory of migration, as well as modern concepts of post pandemic development. The solution of the set tasks was carried out by using a set of general scientific research methods: analysis of scientific literature, method of analogy and comparison, theoretical synthesis, classification, methodological generalization, economic and statistical analysis: correlation-regression analysis and the corresponding regression model, cluster analysis; expert assessments and scientific abstraction.The purpose of research – is to analyze the COVID-19 impact assessment on the recipients of international migration flows and define the impact of the pandemic on the regional structure of international migration flows.Results. The research proved that the consequence of the pandemic is a large-scale and radical blow to the global economy. In research defined the Corona Crisis concept in the theory of world crises. In research discover the COVID-19 impact assessment on the recipients of international migration flows. The research result suggests that the volume of international migration flows has a significant impact on the economy of the host country, but other factors influencing the change in GDP should be taken into account, that is fully explained by preventive measures against the COVID-19 pandemic and recipient country. In research defined the impact of the pandemic on the regional structure of international migration flows. Cluster analysis of the world regions classification by the volume of international migrants and the trend of their growth during the pandemic showed such results: clusters are distinguished by common features – the number of international migrants in the region in 2020 and trends of growth/decline of their volumes, which occurred during 2019-2020.Prospects. The results of the research discover the COVID-19 impact assessment on the recipients of international migration flows and define the impact of the pandemic on the regional structure of international migration flows. The prospect of further research is to apply the impact of the pandemic on the regional structure of international migration flows for the development of domestic migration policy.

Introduction. The scale of the risks, threats, and consequently the challenges of reducing and improving the efficiency of waste management, provides significant business opportunities. The circular system enables efficient movement of materials, energy, labor and information for the purpose of restoring natural and social capital. The circular economy should be part of efforts to boost economic development, overcome wasteful consumption and reduce undemocratic power structures in the global economy. Hence, the topic is relevant and needs appropriate research.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to research the biophysical environment of the circular system, the level of integration of resources and the regeneration of the biosystem in the concept of development of the circular economy.Methods. Research methods of problems related to the concept of circular economy development are based on general and specific methods of studying economic processes, phenomena and facts concerning the integration of resources and regeneration of the biosystem. This research uses monographic and graphical methods, methods of system analysis, systematization, classification, logical, theoretical and generalizations (in research the integration of resources and regeneration of the biosystem in the concept of development of circular economy).Results. The world economy meets the demand of the population in all continents at affordable prices, which gives consumers a much higher level of material comfort. The manufacturing industry transforms resources into an extremely large number of products and uses natural resources to produce waste products at the first need. It is relevant to break the product life cycle chain: "raw material-product-dust" and to change the linear economy. The basis for a new system – alternative to linear economy can be system that base on three principles: design waste and pollution; save products and materials in use; regeneration of the natural system. The circular economy is a systematic approach to economic development that can benefit business, society and the environment. The authors believe that, unlike the linear "raw material-product-dust" model, the circular economy model is regenerative in design and aims to gradually reduce the growth effect of the consumption of scarce resources. Accordingly, the circular approach provides systematic changes of everyone and everything: enterprises, governments and individuals; cities, products and jobs.Discussion. Further scientific researches of circular economy concept development, integration of resources, biosystem regeneration, evaluation of circular business models should be based on the current national and foreign methodology and organization of evaluation of the circularity of economy, its concepts and variations. Further studies should widely apply methods of operational and strategic forecasting and modelling of the enterprise waste management system, etc.

The objective of the article is to consider the legal basis for regulating the rules of ethical conduct of civil servants in Ukraine and, at the same time, to compare them with the relevant legislative framework of other countries. The subject of the study is the analysis of the legal basis for regulating the rules of ethical conduct of public officials in Ukraine. The research methodology includes the following methods: normative and dogmatic method, hermeneutic method, method of analysis and synthesis, dialectical method, legal and comparative method, legal modeling method. It is concluded that there is only one special legal act to regulate the ethics of public officials in Ukraine, but it is not binding, as it does not have the appropriate legal means of influence. Practical involvement. Based on international experience, it was concluded that Ukraine should adopt its own Code of Ethics for public officials.